NASA announced that they observed an extrasolar planet too close to its parent star so that its atmosphere was blown away and formed a glowing tail behind it, similar to the comet's tail. Previous speculations about this planet and its strange "comet tail" have recently been confirmed by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. This gas giant planet is numbered HD 209458b. The latest observations show that a strong wind from a nearby star is stripping its atmosphere from this hot planet and forming a comet-shaped tail.
"Since 2003, scientists have theoretically calculated that the planet's mass loss has been converted into a gas tail, and since then scientists have been calculating for further confirmation", astronomer Jie from the University of Colorado Jeffrey Linsky (Jeffrey Linsky) is the person in charge of this research. He said: "I think we have obtained the best observation evidence to date to support this theory. We have observed that gas leaves the planet at a certain rate, and some of the gas escapes towards the earth. The most likely explanation is that we What is being observed is a tail-like object. "
The distance of the planet HD209458b from its parent star is about 4 million miles (about 7 million kilometers), which is 100 times smaller than the distance between Jupiter and the Sun, but its mass is only a little smaller than Jupiter. The period of one revolution is only 3.5 days. In contrast, Mercury, the fastest revolution in the solar system, takes 88 days to revolve around the sun.
At such a short distance, the atmospheric temperature of HD209458b is as high as 2000 degrees Fahrenheit (about 1093 degrees Celsius). Past research results have shown that the planet lost 10,000 tons of gas per second due to strong star winds. Eventually, the entire atmosphere will disappear, leaving only the molten magma core. Even so, the planet will not be destroyed for a long time. "It takes about one trillion years for this planet to evaporate," Linsky said. This planet is 153 light-years away from Earth and is one of the few extrasolar planets that has observed occultation (note: a phenomenon in which a celestial body passes in front of another background object, obscuring all or part of its light) .
The idea of ​​the existence of HD 209458b was first proposed in 1999. Subsequent research revealed evidence of oxygen and carbon in its atmosphere. Recently, it became the first planet outside the solar system to find water. So far, scientists have discovered more than 400 extrasolar planets. The methods used include the “occultation method†—measurement of the change in the brightness of the parent star due to the planet ’s orbit, thus inversely deducing the existence of the planet, and the “gravitational shaking method†—measurement of the mother caused by the orbital planet ’s gravitation The slight sway of the star thus reverses the method of deducing the existence of the planet.
Linsky's team used the opportunity of occultation of the planet HD 209458b to observe its atmosphere using the "Cosmic Origin Spectrograph" (COS) carried by the Hubble Space Telescope. Through spectroscopic analysis of stellar light traveling through the planet ’s atmosphere, astronomers were able to study its atmospheric structure and chemical composition for the first time. Regardless of the planetary atmosphere, the occultation event only caused the brightness of the star to be obscured to be reduced by about 1.5%, and when the atmospheric factor was considered, the reduced brightness reached 8%. This shows that the planet's atmosphere has expanded very strongly.
The observation data also shows that the gas escaping from the planet does not have the same rate. "We found that the gas escaped at a high speed, and a large amount of gas came to us at a speed of 22,000 miles per hour (about 35,400 kilometers)," Linsky said. "This huge flow of gas may be due to the strong impact of the star wind causing the gas to strip off the planet and form a comet-shaped gas tail."
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