There are two main types of inner wall ditch side wall designs: reinforced concrete structures and masonry structures. Each has its own construction method and requirements, depending on the project's specifications and environmental conditions.
In the case of reinforced concrete structures, it is essential to pour at least 10 cm of concrete along the floor to ensure stability. The process involves placing a cushion layer on the side walls, marking the edge lines, supporting the formwork for the foundation, and then binding the reinforcement for the bottom slab. Afterward, cement blocks are placed within the concrete mix. Once the foundation concrete is vibrated, the first layer of the side wall formwork is installed immediately. Alternatively, 10 cm x 10 cm wooden boards can be used instead of traditional templates. This initial section of the side wall plays a critical role in enhancing the structural integrity and stability of the base. It also allows for the proper placement of side wall molds, which are typically made from a combination of steel forms and wooden supports, as shown in the diagram.
The concrete pouring is done simultaneously for both walls, with each layer being approximately 30 to 40 cm thick. A vibration rod is used during this process, ensuring that it does not come into contact with the reinforcement or the formwork. When lifting the vibrator, care must be taken to avoid creating air pockets or voids. Proper vibration ensures that the concrete settles without over-vibration, which could lead to segregation. At the same time, concrete test blocks should be made. These blocks are 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm in size, and three blocks are made per batch. They are then cured under standard conditions and tested after 28 days to determine their compressive strength, which serves as part of the acceptance documentation.
For masonry structures, the process begins after the concrete floor is poured. The height and measurement lines are marked, and the width lines for the masonry are established. Masonry work starts from the lowest point of the inner ring ditch, considering the drainage gradient and the varying height of the side walls. To accommodate these changes, a block thickness adjustment section is used, ensuring that all joints remain horizontal. This prevents any slanted seams and allows for adjustments in the middle of the wall, as illustrated in the schematic diagram.
Mortar used in masonry must meet specific standards. Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement, or slag cement with a grade higher than 325 should be used. The sand must be clean, medium to coarse, with less than 3% clay content, and mixed with potable water. Lime or mixed mortar is not recommended. The mortar’s strength must comply with the design requirements.
The quality control of the inner ring ditch includes several key parameters such as compressive strength of concrete and mortar, gully elevation, groove width, and wall verticality. These are measured according to specified tolerances and tested at regular intervals. For example, compressive strength tests are conducted per shift, with one group of samples per batch. Elevation and width measurements are checked every 20 meters using leveling instruments or rulers. Verticality is verified using a plumb line.
All testing procedures follow industry standards, and the results are recorded for quality assurance. Random sampling is used for inspections, ensuring that the final structure meets both functional and safety requirements.
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