The Enlightenment from the Development of Transportation Experience in Chicago to Haikou
The democratization of the urban transportation decision-making process, the construction of a three-dimensional road network system, the development of green transportation, and the improvement of the intelligent transportation system are successful experiences in the development of urban transportation in Chicago. Haikou can use this as a guide to solve the current increasingly congested urban traffic.
The Enlightenment from the Development of Transportation Experience in Chicago to Haikou
Haikou City is the capital city of Hainan Province and an important window representing the image of the Hainan Special Economic Zone. The traffic situation in Haikou City largely reflects the level and ability of our city management. Chicago is the third largest city in the United States and a famous tourist city in the Midwest. The area and population of the Chicago area are four times the area and population of the Haikou area, and the number of motor vehicles (more than 6 million) is 20 times that of Haikou (more than 300,000). In such a city with huge traffic flow, Chicago ’s urban traffic can still be kept orderly, safe and smooth, which is a miracle. Examining the development experience of urban transportation in Chicago can at least give four enlightenments to Haikou City, where traffic is increasingly congested.
Revelation 1: Democratization of the urban transportation decision-making process can promote the scientific decision-making of transportation development
In Chicago, public participation in urban planning and urban transportation development decision-making processes has become an institution. Although Illinois has the Chicago Regional Transportation Commission, or Transportation Authority, responsible for the planning, construction, and management of Chicago ’s urban transportation, and the government also regularly hires some urban transportation planners and transportation construction experts to specialize in transportation planning and transportation construction. However, whether it is to formulate a regional transportation plan or construct a large urban transportation facility, the Chicago District Transportation Authority will, in advance, issue questionnaires, telephone surveys, and hold hearings to extensively listen to the opinions of relevant departments, all sectors of society, and the public to ensure decision Democratization and scientization. The Chicago Environment and Transportation Improvement Plan (2003) and the 2030 Regional Transportation Planning (2003), which have worldwide influence, are the results of public participation in decision-making. These two documents are updated every three years, and each update requires a hearing to gather ideas. It can be said that it is such an open and inclusive decision-making process that has allowed Chicago's urban transportation planning work to stay at the forefront of the world.
The practice of Chicago's urban transportation development tells us that when planning urban transportation, we must listen to the opinions and suggestions of all parties as much as possible. To do this, we must legally establish a hearing system for urban transportation planning and major development decision-making. It should be said that as of now, at the national legal level, we do not yet have a hearing legal system for urban transportation planning and development decision-making. However, as the largest special economic zone in the country, we can make full use of the special legislative powers granted by the state to Hainan for the construction of the Hainan International Tourism Island. We can take the lead in establishing such a legal system in the country and build Hainan's institutional advantages with legislative advantages.
Enlightenment 2: Building a three-dimensional road network system can better meet the needs of modern traffic flow
In the 1960s, with the rapid development of American private cars, Chicago's urban traffic was once in a state of congestion. In order to solve the increasingly congested traffic problem, Chicago has been considering building a three-dimensional traffic network since then. The Chicago city three-dimensional road network system is composed of four subsystems. One is the ground road system. The Chicago arterial road plan is particularly good, horizontal to side and vertical to the bottom. The branch road planning is also very good. The distance between intersections is 60m to 150m, and a one-way traffic system is set to reduce conflict points and simplify traffic organization, thereby greatly improving the overall operating efficiency of the ground road network. The second is the underground road system. In order to divert ground traffic and facilitate the entry and exit of underground garage vehicles, including trucks, Chicago has built more than 10 underground roads in the city center. The third is the water bus system. Water bus routes are laid out along the beautiful Chicago River and its tributaries, and are very popular among tourists. The fourth is the rail transit system. There are 7 rail transit lines in Chicago, which are distributed in a fan shape, connecting major commercial areas, residential areas and three major airports. The contribution rate of the Chicago City Light Rail to the city's public transportation is 40%. In addition, at the intersection of the above-mentioned different systems, Chicago has also generally built an overpass. The three-dimensional road network system is well adapted to the development needs of modern traffic flow. Despite the increasing number of urban vehicles, traffic jams in Chicago are rare.
Chicago ’s urban transportation development practice tells us that creating a three-dimensional road network is conducive to alleviating the traffic congestion problems caused by the rapid development of cars. Although Haikou has low altitude, shallow groundwater, and poor soil quality, it is not easy to develop subways. However, in the face of increasingly congested traffic conditions, Haikou City can completely develop urban light rail as the goal of urban transportation development in building a three-dimensional urban transportation network. In order to form a large-capacity rapid transit network with the East Ring Railway. On the other hand, Haikou can also make use of the developed water system to solve its urban water pollution problems and build its own water bus system. In addition, Haikou City should further strengthen the construction of secondary trunk roads and branch roads to increase the density of the ground road network; step up the construction of pedestrian bridges at intersections where pedestrian bridges have not yet been built, and improve its urban three-dimensional road network construction as soon as possible.
Revelation 3: The development of green transportation can promote the sustainable development of urban transportation
In order to promote the sustainable development of urban transportation, the Chicago Metropolis clearly put forward the requirements for the development of green transportation or sustainable transportation in its "Environment and Transportation Improvement Plan" and "2030 Regional Transportation Planning", and has formulated a series of developments. Measures for green transportation. One is to vigorously support the development of public transportation from policy and financial perspectives. In downtown Chicago, the resident bus trip rate is as high as 55%. The second is to optimize the walking system and bicycle transportation system. In order to guide people to choose more ways to walk and bike, the Chicago city government has further improved the pedestrian system in the central area by broadening sidewalks, improving walking environment, adding barrier-free facilities, constructing riverfront walkways, and building pedestrian bridges across the river. Comfortability makes the system more user-friendly. Chicago has also planned a north-south multi-functional bicycle-oriented road along Lake Michigan greenbelt, and built special bridges for bicycles and pedestrians across the tributary of the Chicago River to facilitate pedestrian and bicycle traffic. The third is to effectively curb the traffic demand of cars. To alleviate traffic congestion in the central area and reduce car traffic in the central area, Chicago has also adopted a series of management measures to resist the demand for car traffic.
The practice of urban transportation development in Chicago tells us that giving priority to the development of low-pollution and energy-efficient transportation modes such as public transportation and curbing the demand for car transportation are two aspects of a problem, and the purpose is to promote green transportation and sustainable development. To learn from the experience of Chicago, one is to further increase support for urban public transportation. The second is to improve the walking and cycling road system, and resolutely ban road management and road parking. The third is to find ways to curb the demand for car traffic.
Lesson 4: Perfecting the intelligent transportation system can improve the quality and efficiency of urban transportation management
The so-called Intelligent Transportation System (Intelligent Transportation System, ITS for short) is an effective fusion of advanced information technology, data communication technology, automatic control technology and information processing technology, etc., and is applied to the entire traffic management system. It has information It is a real-time, accurate and efficient comprehensive traffic management system that plays a full-scale role in a wide range of features that are integrated, integrated and intelligent. At present, the Chicago area has built an advanced intelligent transportation system. Its subsystems mainly include GCM Gateway travel information system, Illinois Department of Transportation Communication Management Center System, Illinois Department of Transportation Transportation and Transportation System Center System, Illinois Department of Transportation Emergency Transportation Rescue Center System, etc.
Although Haikou's traffic management department has also built some subsystems of intelligent transportation systems in recent years, it has achieved certain management benefits. However, compared with the construction and application of Chicago's intelligent transportation system, Haikou still needs to make efforts from the following aspects: First, improve the traffic management system, especially the traffic monitoring system and the intelligent integrated traffic management integrated system as soon as possible, to strengthen the The monitoring of traffic operation and traffic accidents, as well as strengthening the collection, analysis, fusion, storage and transmission of traffic information, provide visual traffic information services and traffic command decisions for urban traffic. The second is to step up the construction of traveler information system, public transportation system, emergency system and other subsystems. The third is to strengthen talent introduction and personnel training. In particular, it is necessary to introduce a group of professionals who understand both computers and traffic management, and take the form of on-the-job training to strengthen the training of existing on-the-job personnel in traffic management intelligence technology and further improve the application level of the intelligent traffic management system.
(Author: Hainan Provincial Committee Policy Research Office)
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